Mushroom Cultivation Terminology
Below is a list of common terms used by mushroom growers. This list is a work in progress, so please be patient while we add new terms.
Abort:
An Abort is a mushroom that stops growing at various stages in the growth cycle. Aborts will generally have a black or dark brown cap and will never reach maturity.
AGAR Plate:
An agar plate is a petri dish with a growing medium comprised of Agar (a gelatinous substance) and some sort of sugar. Agar plates are used to grow fungus, molds, and other organisms.
Birth/Birthing:
The process of removing a fully colonized mycelium cake, such as a BRF cake, from its container.
BRF:
Shorthand for brown rice flower powder. Used as food/nutritional source for growing mycelium.
Cap:
The top section of a mushroom. Often conical shaped on top, with gills on the underside.
Casing:
A non-nutritious layer of hydrated medium which covers the fully colonized cake. The casing layer is used to encourage fruit body production.
Cobweb Mold:
Cobweb is a mold contaminate that resembles cobwebs in appearance. It is often found growing on the top of the substrate or casing layer. Cobweb is a contaminate and is easily killed by spraying the mold with hydrogen peroxide.
Coir/Coco Coir
A course fiber made from the husk of a coconut. Coco has antimicrobial properties and absorbs water very well making it an ideal material for mushroom substrates.
Found at pet supplies stores or on Amazon
Mycelium:
Mycelium is a network of fungal threads, that form the vegititative body. The fruiting bodies, or fruits, such as mushrooms, can sprout from a mycelium.
When compared to a plant, mycelium is the root system and the mushroom is the flower.
Liquid Culture:
Live mycelium in a liquid broth consisting of a sugar and water.
Substrate:
Material for the mycelium to grow in. Usually comprised of organic materials such as sawdust, manure, coco coir, vermiculite, grains, straw, and other matter.
Innoculation:
introduction of mycelium culture or spores to the substrate. Innoculation is done to start the growth process.
Tek:
Acronym for Traditional Ecological Knowledge. Although not identical in meaning, the use of “TEK” may be thought of as a technique. Often prefaced with the type of Tek; e.g. PF-Tek, Bucket Tek, Uncle Bens Tek, etc…
Trich:
A type of green mold. Contamination. Starts out white, turns green when it begins to release mold spores. If you see green mold it is already too late.
Spawn:
Substrate material that is fully colonized by mycelium.
Spores:
Microscopic reproductive organisms that are released by a mature mushroom. Think of spores as seeds.
Spore Syringe:
A syringe containing a mixture of sterilized water and mushroom spores.
Spore Print:
Mushrooms collected on a medium such as tin foil. Spore prints are made by removing the cap of the mushroom and placing over a collection medium.
Poly-fil:
Polyester fibers that resembles synthetic cotton. Used to control air-flow in monotub grow chambers. Can be purchased at craft and fabric stores or on Amazon.
Pins/Pinning
The first visible sign of a mushroom fruit-body. Baby mushrooms.
Pasteurization:
A process of partial-sterilization whereby substrate is heated to 140-160F for a period of 1-8 hours. The goal of pasteurization is to kill off harmful microbes while keeping beneficial microbes alive.
Psilocybin, Psilocin:
The psychoactive compound found in hallucinogenic mushrooms.
Mycology
The study of fungi, including their taxonomy, biology, ecology, and applications.
Mushroom
The fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground or on decaying organic matter.
Mycelium
The vegetative part of a fungus, typically consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae.
Hypha
The thread-like structure that makes up the mycelium of a fungus, typically responsible for nutrient uptake and distribution.
Spore
The reproductive cell of a fungus, typically produced in large numbers and dispersed by wind, water, or other means.
Symbiosis
A mutually beneficial relationship between two or more organisms, such as the mycorrhizal association between fungi and plant roots.
Decomposer
An organism that breaks down dead or decaying organic matter, such as fungi and bacteria.
Parasite
An organism that obtains nutrients from a living host, often causing harm or disease.
Saprobe
An organism that obtains nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter, typically important decomposers in ecosystems.
Substrate
The material used for growing mycelium and producing fruiting bodies, typically consisting of a nutrient-rich material such as sawdust or straw.
Cultivation
The process of growing mushrooms or other fungi, typically involving the inoculation of a substrate with mycelium and the provision of appropriate environmental conditions.
Spawn
The mycelium used for inoculating a substrate for mushroom cultivation.
Gilled mushrooms
Mushrooms with thin, blade-like structures called gills on the underside of the cap, including species such as the common button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and portobello mushroom (Agaricus bisporus var. portobello).
Non-gilled mushrooms
Mushrooms that do not have gills, including species such as the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes).
Agaricus bisporus
The scientific name for the common button mushroom, a gilled mushroom widely cultivated for culinary purposes.
Lentinula edodes
The scientific name for the shiitake mushroom, a non-gilled mushroom widely cultivated for culinary and medicinal purposes.
Pleurotus ostreatus
The scientific name for the oyster mushroom, a non-gilled mushroom widely cultivated for culinary purposes.
Psilocybin
A psychoactive compound found in some species of mushrooms, which can cause altered states of consciousness and hallucinations when consumed.
Panaeolus cyanescens
A species of mushroom known for its high levels of psilocybin and psychoactive effects when consumed.
Fruiting
The process of a mushroom producing a visible, above-ground fruiting body, typically occurring after a period of vegetative growth
Colonization
The process of mycelium spreading through a substrate or growth medium, typically occurring during the spawn run.
Casing layer
A layer of material applied on top of a colonized substrate to promote fruiting, typically consisting of a mixture of peat moss, vermiculite, and other additives.
Pinning
The initial formation of small, button-like fruiting bodies on a colonized substrate, typically occurring before full-sized fruiting bodies develop.
Vegetative growth
The period of growth during which a fungus produces mycelium and colonizes a substrate or growth medium, typically occurring before the onset of fruiting.
Autoclave
A device used for sterilizing substrates and growth media using heat and pressure, typically used in mushroom cultivation.
Mushroom cultivation
The practice of growing mushrooms or other fungi for food, medicinal, or other purposes.
Edible mushroom
A species of mushroom that is safe and desirable for consumption, typically valued for its flavor and nutritional content.
Mushroom compost
A compost or substrate used for growing mushrooms, typically consisting of a mixture of organic materials such as straw, manure, and gypsum.
Psilocybe cubensis
A species of psychedelic mushroom, commonly referred to as “magic mushrooms”, known for its psychoactive properties.
Mushroom spores
Reproductive cells of a mushroom, used for propagation and reproduction.
Spore print
A collection of spores from a mushroom, typically obtained by placing the cap on a piece of paper and allowing spores to fall onto it.
Agar culture
A method of culturing fungi using a growth medium consisting of agar and other nutrients, typically used for research or identification purposes.
Stipe
The stalk of a mushroom, typically supporting the cap and extending into the substrate or growth medium.
Pleurotus eryngii
A species of mushroom in the genus Pleurotus, commonly known as the king trumpet mushroom, valued for its large, meaty fruiting bodies.
Enokitake mushroom
A species of mushroom in the genus Flammulina, known for its long, slender fruiting bodies and delicate flavor.
Fruiting body development
The process of mycelium developing into a mature fruiting body, typically influenced by environmental factors such as light and temperature.
Spawn production
The process of producing large quantities of mycelium for inoculating substrates for mushroom cultivation, typically done using grain or liquid culture.
Casualty loss
The loss of mycelium or fruiting bodies due to factors such as contamination, disease, or pests.
Contamination
The presence of unwanted organisms or substances in a substrate or growth medium, which can compete with or harm mushroom mycelium or fruiting bodies.
Flush
A period of prolific fruiting, during which multiple batches or “flushes” of mushrooms are produced from a single substrate or block.
Growth medium
The material used for cultivating mycelium and producing fruiting bodies, typically consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials such as sawdust, grain, and vermiculite.
Hybrid
A strain of mushroom produced by crossing two or more different strains or species, often with the goal of creating desirable traits such as high yield or potency.
Inoculation
The process of introducing mycelium into a substrate or growth medium, typically done using spawn or culture syringes.
Liquid culture
A method of propagating mycelium by growing it in a liquid medium, typically used for producing large quantities of spawn.
Mushroom kit
A pre-packaged kit containing everything needed to grow mushrooms, typically consisting of a substrate or growth medium, spawn, and instructions.
Mycorrhizae
The symbiotic association between fungal mycelium and plant roots, which can improve nutrient uptake and enhance plant growth.
Pinset
The total number of fruiting bodies produced during a flush, typically used as a measure of yield.
Scalp
The removal of the top layer of substrate or casing layer to stimulate fruiting, typically done during the pinning stage.
Sterilization
The process of killing all living organisms and spores in a substrate or growth medium, typically done using heat, pressure, or chemicals.
Strain
A distinct genetic or phenotypic variation within a species of mushroom, often characterized by specific traits such as color or potency.
Substrate amendment
The addition of nutrient-rich materials to a substrate or growth medium to improve yield or enhance the nutritional content of the resulting mushrooms.
Supplement
A nutrient-rich material added to a substrate or growth medium to improve yield or enhance the nutritional content of the resulting mushrooms.
Thallus
The vegetative body of a fungus, typically consisting of mycelium or other structures involved in nutrient uptake and distribution.
Volvariella volvacea
A species of edible mushroom commonly known as the straw mushroom, widely cultivated in Asia for culinary purposes.
Amanita muscaria
A species of mushroom known for its distinctive red and white cap and psychoactive properties when consumed, though it can also be toxic.
Ascocarp
The fruiting body of an ascomycete fungus, typically containing sacs called asci that produce spores.
Ascomycete
A group of fungi characterized by the presence of specialized sacs called asci, which produce spores.
Basidiocarp
The fruiting body of a basidiomycete fungus, typically containing structures called basidia that produce spores.
Basidiomycete
A group of fungi characterized by the presence of specialized structures called basidia, which produce spores.
Cloning
The process of producing genetically identical copies of a mushroom or mycelium, typically done using tissue culture techniques.
Extraction
The process of isolating specific compounds or chemicals from a mushroom or mycelium, typically done using solvents or other methods.
Ganoderma lucidum
A species of mushroom commonly known as reishi, valued for its medicinal properties and used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Hericium erinaceus
A species of mushroom commonly known as lion’s mane, valued for its culinary and medicinal properties.
Humidity
The amount of moisture in the air, which can affect the growth and fruiting of mushrooms.
Inoculum
A substance containing mycelium or spores used for inoculating a substrate or growth medium.
Isolation
The process of obtaining a pure culture of a mushroom or mycelium by separating it from other organisms or contaminants.
Malt extract agar
A growth medium commonly used for cultivating fungi in laboratory settings, consisting of malt extract, agar, and other nutrients.
Medicinal mushroom
A species of mushroom valued for its potential health benefits, often used in traditional medicine.
Mitosis
The process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, typically occurring during mycelial growth.
Mushroom spawn
The mycelium used for inoculating a substrate or growth medium for mushroom cultivation.
Nutrient agar
A growth medium commonly used for cultivating bacteria and fungi in laboratory settings, consisting of agar and nutrients.
Perlite
A mineral material commonly used as a substrate amendment or casing layer in mushroom cultivation.
Photoperiod
The amount of time a mushroom is exposed to light and darkness, which can affect its growth and fruiting.
Potency
The strength or concentration of psychoactive compounds in a mushroom, typically measured by the amount of psilocybin or psilocin present.
Primary metabolite
A chemical produced by a fungus as a part of its normal growth and metabolism, such as enzymes or organic acids.
Secondary metabolite
A chemical produced by a fungus that is not directly involved in its normal growth and metabolism, such as antibiotics
Shiitake mushroom
A species of mushroom in the genus Lentinula, commonly used in Asian cuisine and valued for its health benefits.
Spawn run
The period of vegetative growth during which mycelium colonizes a substrate or growth medium, typically occurring before the onset of fruiting.
Sterile technique
The use of practices and equipment designed to prevent contamination during mushroom cultivation, such as the use of cleanroom facilities and sterile tools.
Substrate
The material on which mycelium grows and produces fruiting bodies, typically consisting of organic and inorganic materials such as sawdust, straw, and grain.
Tissue culture
A method of propagating mycelium by growing it in a sterile laboratory setting, typically used for cloning or producing large quantities of spawn.
Trichoderma
A genus of fungi that can be a common contaminant in mushroom cultivation, often causing green mold.
Ustilago
A genus of fungi that can infect grain and other substrates used in mushroom cultivation, causing smut.
Vacuum sealer
A device used for sealing bags or jars of spawn or substrate for storage, typically used in mushroom cultivation.
Yield
The amount of mushrooms produced from a given substrate or growth medium, typically measured in weight or volume.
Zygomycete
A group of fungi characterized by the formation of sexual structures called zygosporangia, which produce spores.
Adaptation
The process of adjusting to specific environmental conditions, such as temperature or humidity, in order to optimize growth and fruiting.
Bioreactor
A device used for growing large quantities of mycelium or other microorganisms, typically used in commercial mushroom production.
Carbon dioxide
A gas produced during mushroom cultivation by the respiration of mycelium and fruiting bodies, which can affect growth and fruiting.
Flush cycle
The cycle of growth and fruiting during mushroom cultivation, typically consisting of colonization, pinning, and fruiting stages.
Grain spawn
Mycelium grown on grain, typically used for inoculating bulk substrates for mushroom cultivation.
Indoor cultivation
Mushroom cultivation done in a controlled indoor environment, typically using grow tents or other setups.
Lignin
A complex polymer found in the cell walls of many plants, typically present in high amounts in hardwoods and other woody materials used as substrates in mushroom cultivation.
Macrofungus
A type of fungus characterized by the production of visible fruiting bodies, typically used in mushroom cultivation for food or medicinal purposes.
Microclimate
The specific environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, within a particular area or space.
Substrate ratio
The ratio of different ingredients used in a substrate or growth medium, typically adjusted to optimize growth and fruiting.
Thermal death point
The temperature at which a particular organism, such as a mushroom or contaminant, is killed
Alkaline
Having a pH greater than 7, typically used to describe soil or other growth media that are basic in nature.
Biodiversity
The variety of different species of organisms present in a particular environment or ecosystem.
Bran
The outer layer of a cereal grain, typically used as a substrate or supplement in mushroom cultivation.
Casing layer
A layer of material, typically consisting of peat moss or vermiculite, added to the top of a substrate to encourage fruiting.
Coculture
The practice of growing two or more different species of organisms together in a single culture, often used in mushroom cultivation to promote beneficial interactions between fungi and bacteria.
Cubensis
A species of mushroom in the genus Psilocybe, commonly used for its psychoactive properties.
Decomposer
An organism that breaks down organic matter, typically by secreting enzymes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones.
Enzyme
A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
Environmental control
The use of equipment and techniques to maintain specific environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, during mushroom cultivation.
Exotic mushroom
A species of mushroom that is not commonly cultivated or found in the wild, typically used for culinary or medicinal purposes.
Fermentation
The process of converting sugars into other compounds, typically by the action of yeast or other microorganisms.
Fruiting body
The visible, reproductive structure of a mushroom, typically consisting of a stem and cap.
Grain-to-grain transfer
The transfer of mycelium from one jar or bag of grain spawn to another, typically used for scaling up spawn production.
Heat-shock
The process of exposing mycelium or spores to a brief period of high temperature, typically used to stimulate fruiting.
Herbal supplement
A natural product derived from plants, typically used for medicinal or health purposes.
Heterotroph
An organism that obtains its energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms or organic matter.
Immersion heater
A device used for heating water or other liquids to specific temperatures, typically used in mushroom cultivation.
Inoculation loop
A sterile wire loop used for transferring mycelium or spores between cultures or substrates.
Leaching
The process of washing out soluble compounds or nutrients from a substrate or growth medium, typically done to reduce contamination or adjust nutrient levels.
Mushroom compost
A substrate made from a mixture of organic materials such as straw, chicken manure, and gypsum, typically used for commercial mushroom production.
Pathogen
An organism that causes disease or infection in other organisms, such as bacteria or viruses.
Peat moss
A type of organic material derived from decomposed moss and other plant matter, typically used as a substrate or casing layer in mushroom cultivation.
Phototropism
Thegrowth response of an organism to light, typically involving a change in direction or orientation towards or away from the light source.
Pinning
The formation of small, mushroom-like structures called pins on the surface of a substrate or growth medium, typically indicating the onset of fruiting.
Polysaccharide
A complex carbohydrate molecule made up of multiple simple sugar units, commonly found in the cell walls of fungi.
Potting soil
A mixture of soil and other organic materials, typically used as a growth medium for plants or as a substrate for mushroom cultivation.
Pressure cooker
A device used for sterilizing substrates, tools, or other materials by exposing them to high pressure and temperature.
Psilocybe
A genus of mushrooms containing many species known for their psychoactive properties, including Psilocybe cubensis.
Reagent
A chemical substance used in a chemical reaction or laboratory procedure, typically for analysis or synthesis purposes.
Selective breeding
The process of choosing and breeding organisms with desirable traits or characteristics, typically used in mushroom cultivation to produce strains with specific properties.
Shelf fungus
A type of fungus that grows on the sides of trees or other surfaces, typically producing bracket-like fruiting bodies.
Spore print
A print made by placing a mushroom cap gill-side down on a piece of paper or other surface, typically used for identifying mushroom species or producing spore syringes.
Spore syringe
A tool used for inoculating substrates with spores, typically consisting of a syringe filled with spore solution.
Stipe
The stem or stalk of a mushroom, typically supporting the cap or fruiting body.
Strain
A specific variety or subtype of mushroom, typically chosen for its specific properties or characteristics.
Substrate bag
A plastic bag used for growing mushrooms, typically filled with sterilized substrate and inoculated with mushroom spawn.
Tea
A liquid extract made from steeping herbs or other plant material in hot water, typically used as a beverage or herbal supplement.
Terrestrial
Living or growing on land, as opposed to in water or air.
Tissue
A group of cells with a similar structure and function, typically found in plants or animals.
Vacuum filtration
A method of filtering liquids or gases using a vacuum to pull them through a filter, typically used in laboratory settings.
Vermiculite
A type of mineral material commonly used as a substrate amendment or casing layer in mushroom cultivation.
Yeast
A single-celled fungus, typically used in baking and brewing, but also used in mushroom cultivation for fermenting substrates.
Agar
A gelatinous substance derived from seaweed, commonly used as a growth medium in microbiology and mycology.
Biomass
The total amount of organic matter in a given area or ecosystem, typically measured in weight or volume.
Cloning
The process of producing genetically identical copies of an organism or part of an organism, typically used in mushroom cultivation to propagate desirable strains.
Colonization
The process of mycelium growing and spreading throughout a substrate or growth medium, typically occurring during the spawn run.
Cultural control
The use of cultural practices, such as maintaining specific environmental conditions or choosing specific substrates, to control pests or diseases in mushroom cultivation.
Disinfectant
A chemical or physical agent used to kill or remove microorganisms from a surface or environment.
Endospore
A dormant, highly resistant structure formed by certain bacteria and fungi, typically used for survival in adverse conditions.
Feeding
The practice of adding supplements or nutrients to a substrate or growth medium during mushroom cultivation, typically used to increase yield or promote specific properties.
Grain-to-bulk transfer
The transfer of mycelium from grain spawn to a bulk substrate, typically used for scaling up mushroom production.
Humidity
The amount of moisture present in the air, typically measured as a percentage of the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a given temperature.
Incubation
The period of time during which mycelium is allowed to grow and colonize a substrate or growth medium, typically occurring after inoculation.
Leucocoprinus birnbaumii
A species of mushroom commonly found in potted plants, sometimes referred to as the flowerpot parasol.
Medium
A substance used for growing microorganisms or other living organisms, typically containing nutrients or other necessary components.
Mycelial mat
A dense network of mycelium covering a substrate or growth medium, typically occurring during the spawn run.
Mycorrhizae
A symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots, typically benefiting both organisms by increasing nutrient uptake and promoting growth.
Nutrient agar
A common growth medium used in microbiology and mycology, typically containing agar, beef extract, and peptone.
Parasite
An organism that lives on or within another organism, typically causing harm or damage to the host organism.
Perlite
A type of volcanic glass commonly used as a substrate amendment or casing layer in mushroom cultivation.
Petri dish
A shallow dish used for culturing microorganisms or other small organisms, typically containing agar or another growth medium.
Pinhead
A small, early-stage fruiting body of a mushroom, typically forming from a pin.
Preparation
The process of preparing substrates or other materials for use in mushroom cultivation, typically involving sterilization or pasteurization.
Pseudomonas
A genus of bacteria commonly found in soil and water, sometimes causing contamination in mushroom cultivation.
Rhizome
An underground stem or root system, typically producing shoots or roots at intervals along its length.
Spawn
A substrate that has been inoculated with mycelium, typically used for inoculating larger substrates or growing mushrooms.
Spawn run
The period of time during which mycelium is allowed to grow and colonize a substrate or growth medium, typically occurring after inoculation and before fruiting.
Spore
A reproductive cell produced by fungi and some other organisms, typically used for propagation or reproduction.
Stem butt
The base of a mushroom stem or stipe, typically used for inoculating substrates or creating grain spawn.
Stroma
A dense, compact mass of mycelium forming a supporting structure for the fruiting bodies of certain fungi.
Substrate
The material on which mycelium grows and feeds, typically consisting of organic matter such as sawdust, straw, or compost.
Supplement
An additional material added to a substrate or growth medium to enhance its nutrient content or other properties.
Synergistic
The interaction of two or more organisms or substances to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Thermometer
A device used for measuring temperature, typically used in mushroom cultivation to monitor environmental conditions.
Thermophile
An organism that thrives in high-temperature environments, typically above 45°C (113°F).
Tray
A container used for growing mushrooms, typically filled with substrate or growth medium and inoculated with mushroom spawn.
Veil
A thin membrane that covers the gills or pore surface of a mushroom cap, typically breaking open during growth to release spores.
Volatile organic compounds
Organic chemicals that evaporate at room temperature, typically produced by living organisms or synthetic processes.
Wine cap
A species of mushroom in the genus Stropharia, typically grown for its edible fruiting bodies and potential benefits for soil health.
Yield
The amount of fruiting bodies or biomass produced by a mushroom culture or substrate, typically measured in weight or volume.
Agitate
To stir or mix a substance, typically used in mushroom cultivation to distribute spores or spawn throughout a substrate or growth medium.
Alkaline
Having a pH greater than 7, typically used in mushroom cultivation to adjust the pH of substrates or growth media.
Autoclave
A device used for sterilizing substrates, tools, or other materials by exposing them to high temperature and pressure.
Bacteria
A group of microorganisms typically found in soil, water, and other environments, sometimes causing contamination in mushroom cultivation.
Bacterial blotch
A type of contamination caused by bacterial infection, typically characterized by yellow or orange spots on the surface of mushroom cultures or fruiting bodies.
Bluing
The phenomenon of psilocybin-containing mushrooms turning blue or blue-green when bruised or damaged, typically caused by the oxidation of psilocin.
Bruising
The darkening or discoloration of mushroom tissue caused by physical damage, typically resulting in bluing in psilocybin-containing mushrooms.
Bulk substrate
A larger substrate used for growing mushrooms after inoculation with spawn, typically consisting of sawdust, straw, or other organic material.
Casing layer
A layer of nutrient-poor material applied to the surface of a substrate or bulk substrate, typically used in mushroom cultivation to promote fruiting.
Colonized
The state of a substrate or growth medium that has been fully colonized by mycelium, typically occurring during the spawn run.
Contamination
The unwanted growth of microorganisms or other organisms in a substrate or culture, typically causing harm or damage to the desired organisms.
Dehydration
The process of removing water from a substrate or other material, typically used in mushroom cultivation to preserve or concentrate nutrients.
Enoki
A species of mushroom in the genus Flammulina, typically grown for its edible fruiting bodies and potential health benefits.
Extraction
The process of separating or isolating specific compounds or substances from a mixture, typically used in mushroom cultivation to extract active compounds.
Fermentation
The process of breaking down organic compounds using microorganisms or enzymes, typically used in mushroom cultivation for preparing substrates.
Filtration
The process of separating solids from liquids or gases using a filter, typically used in mushroom cultivation for sterilization or clarification purposes.
Flushing
The process of producing multiple harvests or flushes of fruiting bodies from a single substrate or culture.
Flush
A single harvest of fruiting bodies produced by a substrate or culture.
Fruiting body
The reproductive structure of a mushroom, typically consisting of a cap or pileus and a stem or stipe.
Gill
A thin, blade-like structure on the underside of a mushroom cap, typically producing spores.
Grain spawn
Spawn consisting of sterilized grains such as rye or millet, typically used for inoculating larger substrates or growing mushrooms.
The process of introducing spores or mycelium into a substrate or growth medium, typically used in mushroom cultivation to initiate growth.
Laminar flow hood
A specialized work area used for sterilizing materials or preparing cultures, typically using a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter to remove contaminants.
Malt extract agar
A growth medium commonly used in microbiology and mycology, typically containing malt extract, agar, and peptone.
Monotub
A type of mushroom growing container typically consisting of a large, single tub or container, used for growing mushrooms in bulk substrates.
Mushroom patch
A designated area or plot of land used for growing mushrooms in outdoor environments, typically using logs, stumps, or other materials as a substrate.
Nitrogen
An essential element required for plant and fungal growth, typically present in many substrates and growth media used in mushroom cultivation.
Off-gas
The release of gases from a substrate or growth medium during mushroom cultivation, typically containing carbon dioxide and other volatile organic compounds.
Organic matter
Any material derived from living organisms or their byproducts, typically used as a substrate or growth medium in mushroom cultivation.
Petri dish
A shallow dish used for culturing microorganisms or other small organisms, typically containing agar or another growth medium.
pH
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, typically measured on a scale of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
Pleurotus
A genus of edible mushrooms commonly known as oyster mushrooms, typically grown for their distinctive taste and texture.
Primary metabolite
A compound or substance produced by an organism as a result of normal metabolic processes, typically essential for growth and survival.
Psilocin
A psychoactive compound found in some species of mushrooms, typically converted from psilocybin during digestion.
Psilocybe
A genus of mushrooms containing several species known for their psychoactive properties, typically grown for personal or cultural use.
Psilocybin
A psychoactive compound found in some species of mushrooms, typically converted to psilocin during digestion.
Secondary metabolite
A compound or substance produced by an organism that is not essential for growth or survival, typically used for defense, communication, or other purposes.
Shiitake
A species of mushroom in the genus Lentinula, typically grown for its edible fruiting bodies and potential health benefits.
Spawn rate
The amount of spawn used to inoculate a given substrate or growth medium, typically measured as a percentage of the total weight or volume.
Sterilization
The process of eliminating all microorganisms and other organisms from a material or environment, typically using heat, pressure, or chemicals.
Stipe
The stem or stalk of a mushroom, typically supporting the cap or pileus.
Strobilurin
A type of fungicide commonly usedin agriculture and horticulture, typically used to control fungal diseases in crops and plants.
Substrate ratio
The proportion of different components in a substrate or growth medium, typically used to optimize nutrient content and moisture levels for mushroom growth.
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance, typically used in mushroom cultivation to control growth rates and other factors.
Terrestrial
Relating to or living on land, typically used in mycology to describe mushrooms that grow on soil or other substrates.
Thermal death point
The temperature at which all microorganisms and other organisms in a material or environment are killed, typically used in mushroom cultivation for sterilization purposes.
Tray colonizer
A type of mushroom culture that is grown in a tray or container rather than on a solid substrate or growth medium, typically used for commercial mushroom production.
Trichoderma
A genus of fungi commonly found in soil and other environments, sometimes causing contamination in mushroom cultivation.
Vacuum bag
A specialized bag used for sterilizing and storing substrates or other materials, typically using vacuum sealing technology to remove air and prevent contamination.
White button
A species of mushroom in the genus Agaricus, typically grown for its edible fruiting bodies and commercial value.
White rot
A type of wood decay caused by certain species of fungi, typically breaking down lignin and other organic components in wood.
Yeast
A type of single-celled fungus commonly used in baking, brewing, and other applications, sometimes used in mushroom cultivation to enhance nutrient content or other properties.
Zone line
The line of demarcation between two different species or strains of mushrooms grown together, typically visible as a distinct line or boundary.
Zygomycetes
A group of fungi characterized by the formation of zygospores during sexual reproduction, typically found in soil and other environments.
Zygote
A cell formed by the fusion of two gametes, typically used in mycology to describe the initial stage of sexual reproduction in fungi.
Aerobic
Relating to or requiring the presence of oxygen, typically used in mushroom cultivation to describe the oxygen requirements of certain species or strains.
Anaerobic
Relating to or occurring in the absence of oxygen, typically used in mushroom cultivation to describe the oxygen requirements of certain species or strains.
Biocontrol
The use of living organisms or their byproducts to control pests or diseases, typically used in mushroom cultivation to control fungal pathogens.
Bisporus
A species of mushroom in the genus Agaricus, typically grown for its edible fruiting bodies and commercial value.
Carbon dioxide
A colorless, odorless gas that is a byproduct of respiration and combustion, typically used in mushroom cultivation to regulate fruiting and other processes.
Casual contamination
A minor form of contamination that is typically not harmful or detrimental to the growth of the desired organism, typically occurring during mushroom cultivation.
Casing soil
A soil-like mixture typically used in mushroom cultivation to cover the surface of a substrate or bulk substrate, providing nutrients and moisture for fruiting.
Cellulose
A complex carbohydrate that is the main component of plant cell walls, typically present in many substrates and growth media used in mushroom cultivation.
Cloning
The process of producing genetically identical copies of an organism, typically used in mushroom cultivation to reproduce desirable traits or characteristics.
Coculture
The growth of two or more different species or strains of organisms together in a single substrate or growth medium, typically used in mushroom cultivation for various purposes.
Colonization
The process of mycelium spreading and growing throughout a substrate or growth medium, typically occurring during the spawn run.
Compost
A nutrient-rich mixture of decomposed organic material, typically used as a substrate or growth medium in mushroom cultivation.
Conidia
A type of asexual spore produced by some fungi, typically used in mycology to describe the reproductive structures of certain species or strains.
Conifer
A type of tree or shrub that typically bears cones and evergreen leaves, sometimes used as a substrate in mushroom cultivation.
Co-substrate
A secondary substrate or additive used in mushroom cultivation to enhance nutrient content, moisture levels, or other properties of the primary substrate or growth medium.
Cubensis
A species of mushroom in the genus Psilocybe, typically grown for personal or cultural use due to its psychoactive properties.
Culture
A collection of microorganisms or other cells grown in a laboratory or other controlled environment, typically used in mushroom cultivation to propagate and study fungal strains.
Decomposer
An organism that breaks down organic matter and recycles nutrients, typically playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem function.
Diary
A log or record of mushroom cultivation activities, typically used to track progress, results, and other important information.
Diploid
A cell or organism containing two sets of chromosomes, typically used in mycology to describe the genetic makeup of certain fungal strains.
Disinfection
The process of reducing the number of microorganisms or other pathogens on a surface or object, typically using chemicals, heat, or other methods.
Edible mushroom
A species of mushroom that is safe and palatable for human consumption, typically grown for culinary or medicinal purposes.
Enokitake
A species of mushroom in the genus Flammulina, typically grown for its edible fruiting bodies and delicate flavor.
Fan
A device used for circulating air and controlling humidity in mushroom cultivation environments, typically used to regulate fruiting and other processes.
Fermentation
The process of converting sugars or other organic compounds into alcohol or organic acids, typically used in mushroom cultivation to prepare substrates or growth media.
Flush
A period of prolific fruiting by a mushroom culture, typically occurring after a period of colonization or dormancy.
Fruit body
The visible reproductive structure of a fungus, typically containing spores and other reproductive cells.
Fruiting
The process of producing fruit bodies by a mushroom culture, typically occurring after a period of colonization or dormancy.
Gills
The thin, often vertical structures on the underside of a mushroom cap, typically bearing spores and other reproductive cells.
Gourmet mushroom
A species of mushroom grown for its distinctive flavor and culinary value, typically requiring specialized cultivation techniques or conditions.
Grain spawn
A type of mushroom spawn that is grown on sterilized grains, typically used to inoculate substrates or bulk substrates.
Growth medium
A substance or material used to support the growth of microorganisms or other cells, typically used in mushroom cultivation to provide nutrients and moisture for mycelial growth.
Hypha
A thread-like structure that makes up the body of a fungus, typically forming networks or mats called mycelium.
In vitro
Occurring outside of a living organism, typically used in mycology to describe laboratory or other controlled environments.
Isolate
A pure culture or strain of a microorganism, typically used in mushroom cultivation to propagate and study desirable traits or characteristics.
Krauss jars
Specialized containers used for growing mushroom cultures, typically consisting of a glass jar with a perforated lid and a layer of sterile agar or other growth medium.
Lignin
A complex organic polymer that makes up a large proportion of plant cell walls, typically resistant to decomposition by many fungi and other organisms.
Mature mushroom
A fruit body that has reached its full size and is ready for harvest, typically occurring after one or more flushes.
Micronutrient
A nutrient required in small amounts for optimal growth and function, typically used in mushroom cultivation to enhance nutrient content and balance.
Mushroom
A type of fungus typically characterized by a fleshy, spore-bearing fruit body, typically used for culinary, medicinal, or recreational purposes.
Mycelium
The vegetative part of a fungus, typically consisting of a network of hyphae and playinga crucial role in nutrient cycling and decomposition.
Mycology
The study of fungi, typically including their taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and other aspects of their biology and behavior.
Organic
Relating to or derived from living organisms, typically used in mushroom cultivation to describe substrates or growth media that contain organic matter.
Parasitic
Relating to or characterized by living as a parasite, typically harming or killing the host organism, sometimes affecting mushroom cultivation.
Peat
A type of soil-like material composed of partially decomposed organic matter, typically used as a substrate or growth medium in mushroom cultivation.
Petri dish
A shallow, circular dish typically used for culturing microorganisms or other cells, often used in mushroom cultivation for agar cultures.
Pin
A young, undeveloped fruit body of a mushroom, typically visible as a small, pin-like structure on the surface of a substrate or growth medium.
Plastic bag
A specialized bag used for sterilizing and storing substrates or other materials, typically made of plastic and designed to withstand high temperatures and pressure.
Plugging
The process of inoculating a substrate or growth medium with spawn, typically using a plug made of sterilized wood or other material.
Primary metabolite
A compound or substance produced by a living organism as part of its normal metabolic processes, typically involved in growth, development, or other essential functions.
Psilocybe
A genus of mushroom containing many species with psychoactive properties, typically used for personal or cultural purposes.
Pythium
A genus of parasitic fungi that can cause contamination in mushroom cultivation, typically affecting water quality and other factors.
Rhizomorph
A root-like structure composed of fused hyphae, typically used by some species of mushrooms to grow through soil or other substrates.
Sciarid fly
A type of fly commonly found in mushroom cultivation environments, sometimes causing damage to mushrooms or other organisms.
Secondary metabolite
A compound or substance produced by a living organism that is not essential for its normal metabolic processes, typically involved in defense, communication, or other specialized functions.
Sterilization
The process of eliminating all microorganisms and other pathogens from a material or environment, typically using heat, chemicals, or other methods.
Strain
A genetically distinct variant of a species or other organism, typically used in mushroom cultivation to describe desirable traits or characteristics.
Substrate
A material or substance used as a base for the growth of microorganisms or other cells, typically used in mushroom cultivation to provide nutrients and moisture for mycelial growth.
Thallus
The vegetative body of a lichen, typically consisting of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner organism.
Thermal tolerance
The ability of an organism to withstand or tolerate high or low temperatures, typically used in mushroom cultivation to select for desirable strains or species.
Vegetative
Relating to or consisting of the vegetative parts ofa plant or fungus, typically used in mycology to describe the growth and development of mycelium and other non-reproductive structures.
Vermiculite
A type of mineral often used as a component of soil-less potting mixes or substrates, sometimes used in mushroom cultivation to enhance moisture retention and nutrient content.
Wild mushroom
A species of mushroom that grows in the wild, typically not cultivated or domesticated by humans.
Yeast
A type of single-celled fungus, typically used in mushroom cultivation to ferment sugars or other organic compounds.
Yield
The total amount or weight of fruit bodies produced by a mushroom culture, typically used as a measure of productivity or efficiency.
Zoochory
The dispersal of spores or other propagules by animals, typically playing a crucial role in the ecology and distribution of many mushroom species.
Zygote
A cell formed by the fusion of two gametes, typically used in mycology to describe the initial stage of sexual reproduction in fungi.
